Basic Roleplaying Universal Game Engine (2023) the parent system for CoC and Runequest has a mechanic for hunger, thirst, heat and cold on p146. After a number of says equal to 1/2 CON (1/10th CON in CoC 7e terms) the character has to make a Stamina roll before doing anything physical. If failed, the action cost 1hp. After 1/5 CON days (in CoC 7e) those rolls are hard and apply to mental actions too. There's some extra nuance in the BRP rules, but that's the basics.