M Helsdon

As it was taken from The Guide to Glorantha, the ultimate resource on all things Gloranthan, I must assume you haven't read that resource.

I have a text description, but not a graphic one.

Not exactly. Aeolism is a henotheist variation of Malkionism, which holds that the Orlanthi gods are emanations of the Invisible God. They worship the Invisible God as the Supreme Creator, but heartily participate in Orlanthi rites as well.

Karvanyar slew the imperial Golden Dragon in 910, leading a rebellion that drove the EWF from Dara Happa within seven years. The same year Alakoring Dragonbreaker flew into Aggar. He defeated Sun Dome armies and other EWF forces. Between the years 910-925, after freeing itself from EWF control Dara Happan armies marched south. In the Three Armies Battle in 920 the armies of Alakoring Dragonbreaker and a Carmanian adventurer fought the EWF. Alakoring fought Drang the Diamond Storm Dragon and killed it. Over the next fifteen years, Alakoring led the people of Saird, including the freed Sun Dome Temples, in rebellion. The soldier-cult purged itself of all draconic influence. Dara Happa retook all of its lands from the EWF and expanded southwards. A great army marched through Sylila to the Battle of Zelfield where the dragons were defeated. The EWF counterattacked, reaching as far north as Alkoth in 947 but was unable to regain control of the north. In 960, on the death of Sarenesh, (an Emperor of Dara Happa of the Karvanyar Dynasty) to prevent war between his three sons, the priests enacted the Great Division of the World. The High Priest of Dayzatar awarded Dayzatar’s portion, Saird, to Verenmars. King Verenemars rallied all Saird against the dragons. He began great sacrifices to strengthen Jajagappa and raised the Jajalarings dog peoples against the EWF. Many Dara Happan colonists followed in the wake of Verenmars’ heroic wars against the EWF. Verenmars and his heirs ruled the Kingdom of Saird until 1120. The Saird Sun Dome Temples eagerly supported Verenmars and his kingdom and survived the fall of the EWF in 1042 when the leaders of Empire of the Wyrms Friends were exterminated overnight. In 1082, the hero Balazar introduced the cult of Yelmalio to the Votanki to the east. He met and wed a local hunting nymph and they had three sons. The Sun Domes of Saird contributed much of the manpower of the Invincible Golden Horde. The destruction and devouring of those armies in the Dragonkill of 1120 severely wounded the Temples for generations, and extinguished Verenmars’ dynasty. After the Dragonkill, the weakened Sairdite culture was mostly absorbed by the neighboring Orlanthi. Far to the southeast, the now isolated temple in Prax erected the Great Ballista to protect their rebuilt temple complex from draconic retribution. Jannisor’s Rebellion (1271-1275) against the rising Lunar Empire included the Sun Dome Temples of Saird, allied with the Sable Tribes, and the many Orlanthi tribes surrounding Saird. Some of the Sun Dome Temples were also part of the Kynnelfing Alliance that resisted but ultimately was defeated by the Conquering Daughter in 1347. The queen of Filichet was acclaimed as Queen of Holay, as a Lunar tributary ruler. Invasions by savage barbarians from Pent led by Sheng Seleris disrupted the Lunar Empire from 1375 to 1460. Much of the south was lost to the empire during this time as it struggled to survive. The Sun Dome temples endured this period, hiring out as mercenaries. Holay became a battleground between Tarsh and Sylila, and was finally reduced to Lunar dependency in 1458. Saird was regained around 1480 though Lunar rule in the Provinces was not secure until 1545, when the Provincial Government was formed. The Sun Dome Temples fought on all sides of these wars during Third and Fourth Wanes (1355-1462), but have been mostly allied with the Lunar Provincial Government since the Sixth Wane (1517 onwards).

RuneQuest: The Next Generation. 8-)

Yes, Yelm the Rider flies. This is why I queried the association with Yelm with horses. I'd suggest it points to Elmal being a relatively minor cult in its host culture, whilst Yelm is a major cult in its host culture. There are no Sun Dome Temples in Maniria. Monrogh claims to have invented Yelmalio, or at least the scribe who wrote 'Making Gods' in King of Sartar claimed he did. This false claim is repeated in Jonstown Compendium #7517, which claims Monrogh's cult was exported to Tarsh, but the newest Sun Dome there, Ever-New-Glory was founded after the Lunar conquest of Saird, probably well before Monrogh had his visions. I see no sign of any significant reform in Sun County. Yelmalio was not forgotten, north or east of Sartar. I suspect that Monrogh had exposure to something, probably hazia. It should be noted that Vanntar has a very different governance to Sun County: in Vanntar the roles of religious and secular leader are combined; in Sun County they are not. Vanntar is supported by helots (suspiciously named for the Dara Happan god of slaves); Sun County adheres to the older model of farmer-citizen-soldiers. These very distinct differences point to a distinct divergence, not convergence.

Gods of Light: Yelm from Wyrms Footnotes/Wyrms Footprints. It's one of the pointers that Monrogh only claims to have refounded the Yelmalio cult - in reality he only refounded it in Sartar. The Sun Dome Temples fought on all sides of the wars in Peloria during Third and Fourth Wanes (1355-1462), but were mostly allied with the Lunar Provincial Government from 1517 onwards. Given that Monrogh 'refounded' the cult around 1550, his claims are more than a little suspect.

Thank you Jeff, that clears up a lot of my confusion.

I haven't used the term 'Friedman Analysis' and am not clear as to how Milton Friedman's test would be applied to history, real or Gloranthan. It's very difficult to quantify 'history'. If you want a Historian more relevant to Glorantha, I'd suggest Herodotus. His History is the same mix of historical fact, speculation, fabrication, and myth you'll find in the texts written as though written by Gloranthans. In the real world we have historical texts, artifacts and archaeological sites, in Glorantha the 'objective' sources such as Cults of Prax or Cults of Terror (and both of those are potentially 'local') and much of the Guide, and 'subjective' sources such as King of Sartar, most of the Stafford Library, and the in-world texts quoted in the Guide. Many of the subjective sources are intentionally contradictory, and some are of highly dubious accuracy. King of Sartar seems to emulate most closely the matter of Arthur in sources such as the pseudo-historical Historia Regum Britanniae, various Welsh texts and others. It's not clear if Arthur, if he lived, was one figure or several, just as Argrath may be one man or several - the name is also a title - and echoes the earlier Arkat.

Hippoi. Which in Glorantha is the shorn form of hippogriff, and in ours, from the Greek, hippos, "horse". [It is mildly amusing that hippogriff is a mixture of Greek and Latin, and so its origin is a combination and in Glorantha it becomes divided... Greg's joke?] Hippoi can't fly and so isn't ridden by Yelm the Rider. I suspect there's a distinction between a horse goddess (which is a horse), and a goddess of horses (who protects horses and riders, like our world Epona or Rhiannon, and like Rhiannon, Redaylda isn't just a goddess of horses, but perhaps a goddess of sovereignty as well, for Saird).

Yelm the Rider riders ride flying creatures, specifically griffins? Not horses.

True. False. Saird has been subject to a wider variety of cultural influences, primarily Solar, for centuries, in both conflict and co-operation. And more recently Lunar influences for nearly three centuries. I haven't looked in detail at the political machinations in Orlanthland - I'm interested in the fact that the Sun Domers and Traditionalists in Saird held off the Draconics for nearly a century. After that, Sun Domers and Traditionalists fell under the sway of the Draconics. They appear to be one and the same. I doubt there was any significant role of the minor Elmal cult in the expansion of the northern Tharkantus/Yelmalio cult. The Dragonkill killed off the 'Tharkantus' cult in Dragon Pass, along with everyone else. It was destroyed by the Queens in Esrolia. However, it survived in Prax. Hyalor appears to be Sairdite, specifically Beren. Where? Saird. When? It seems very ancient. According to the write-up of the Yelm cult in the Cult Compendium, Hyalor was a son of a son of Yelm... Tharkantus appears related to the name Kargzant with the addition of a Dara Happan masculine suffix (a distinct but possible shift in consonants). The Lunars associate the Little Sun with Reladivus, Kargzant and Yelmalio. The planet Lightfore, the Little Sun, is associated with Antirius by the Dara Happans, Yelmalio by the Orlanthi, and Kargzant by the Pentans. As the objects in the sky seem to express deities in Glorantha (even Orlanth has his stars) it seems probable that Reladivus, Kargzant and Yelmalio are 'avatars' of a single entity. Reladivus was the god of Nivorah, which seems to have been located somewhere in Saird. Saird has been the center of the Tharkantus/Yelmalio cult for at least a thousand years. Yelmalio is one of the sons of Yelm; perhaps Hyalor is a son of Yelmalio... No, he's a son of Yamsur, Yelmalio's dead brother. The association of the ancient Yelmalio cult with horses might thus be explained. The ancient Mirin's Cross trinity of Yelmalio as Defender, and Redaylda and Hyalor as Tribal Guardians is significant.

Broos tend to lack taboos. Female broos gravitate towards the cult of Mallia as a survival strategy, because becoming gravid isn't a survival strategy for them. The offspring of a broo and a human might be very similar to a satyr (and satyrs are sometimes mistaken as broo), or a human with a goat's head, or even a human with horns, or a Chaos horror. Chaos never gives standard results, the offspring will always display their nature somehow.

There's a limit to detail and nuance if a fantasy world isn't going to collapse into overkill. There's a fine line between designing a background for playability, accessibility, comprehension and fun, and in some cases Glorantha has crossed that boundary in the past. I'm thinking of the retconning of Yelmalio which wasn't sufficiently marked as purely local, or the Entekosiad, which I tried to read again yesterday. It's only in the last few years that I have accumulated the entire Stafford Library, and I believe I can see why the Lunar equivalent to King of Sartar isn't on our shelves. Many years ago I was attempting to write an Alternate History set mostly in Britain in what would be the 1st century (I had the beginning and end but eventually couldn't work through the middle). This involved a fair bit of research, and I found an incredible resource online detailing every settlement of Roman Britain and a great deal more. I chatted online with its creator, and we were able to swap a few things. He also explained he started building the site to support his own novel of Roman Britain, but the site took over because he never had quite enough information. He never got beyond a few chapters because there was always a little more to add to his website. There comes a point where if you try to detail too much the minutiae take over. No doubt the Entekosiad has its fans, but it hasn't helped my understanding of Glorantha - it's done the opposite. Too much detail and nuance will cause overload. I'd taken the Guide as definitive, and using it and a few other bits of canon in the public domain, I've attempted to work out the history of the Sun Dome Temples, which led me to trying to determine more about Saird. It all started to appear to come together - with a few loose ends, but in real history, especially ancient history, loose ends are inevitable. A few well defined areas of doubt and uncertainty lent a sense of reality. Not every mystery should be explored. Not every question should have an answer. I'd already come to the conclusion that the Horse Goddess of Saird has a number of husbands. I'd never considered Yelm (who seems more an exclusive deity of the nobility, has a specific wife, possibly concubines) would share a temple with the Armless Howler. Especially when in Mirin's Cross Redaylda’s husband is detailed to be another horse god, Hyalor/Beren. It simply feels politically, historically, mythically wrong.

And the Guide was 'written' in 1621, so the material should reflect the cultural and political situation that year. There's no easy resolution. Understood.

Retconning is inherently damaging. Yet the Armless Howler (Redalda, Servant of Reladivus, Mistress of Nivorah) is at a disadvantage when opposing not the Emperor, but the Little Sun, named as Reladivus, Kargzant and Yelmalio... No mention of Yelm, who attempts to Name all the Gods of Below. No special relationship between Yelm and the Armless Howler is apparent. I imagine we can argue this out ad infinitum, but such minutiae are rarely satisfying.

I would accept your opinion, if it were not that the Temple to Yelm and Redaylda is so large on the map. It would be visible from 30000', and the implications for the local culture are significant. 8-( I would also note that the temples of Mirin's Cross are far too large for a Bronze Age urban center - there's a common error of inflation in fantasy worlds. In the real cultures these game settings attempt to emulate, large impressive structures were rare: you'd have to look at ancient Egypt, specifically the temples of Luxor/Karnak which had been subject to building programs for longer than Glorantha has had Time, ancient Babylon (even Nochet doesn't compare with Babylon at its greatest size), Alexander's Alexandria (about three times the population of Nochet), imperial Rome (and most temples were small and shut for most of the year), (Rome was ten times larger than Nochet) or Constantinople. You might argue that based on the syncretic combinations, Mirin's Cross is roughly analogous to Baalbek/Heliopolis but even the Roman temple complex, whilst impressive, wasn't as extensive as the temple zones of Mirin's Cross. For an assessment of scale, the ziggurat at Babylon (possibly the largest), the Etemenanki, had seven levels, reached a height of around 300 feet and was also 300 feet by 300 feet square at its base. And even the Karnak Temple Complex isn't particularly large - I could walk from one side to the other of the Precinct of Amen-Re quite quickly. Even walking to the nearby Luxor Temple didn't take very long, despite the crowds. Now the Colosseum in Rome is larger, 615 by 510 feet, but I expected it to be much larger, based on Gladiator, but Holywood always scales everything up. The Colosseum, imposing as it is, was built for a city with a population around a million (no Gloranthan city is as large).

The only Thomas Friedman I can find has written the following: From Beirut to Jerusalem (1989; expanded edition 1990) – winner of the National Book Award in its first edition The Lexus and the Olive Tree: Understanding Globalization (1999; revised edition 2000) Longitudes and Attitudes: Exploring the World After September 11 (2002; reprinted 2003 as Longitudes and Attitudes: The World in the Age of Terrorism) The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century (2005; expanded edition 2006; revised edition 2007) Hot, Flat, and Crowded: Why We Need a Green Revolution—And How It Can Renew America (2008) That Used to Be Us: How America Fell Behind in the World It Invented and How We Can Come Back (Co-written with Michael Mandelbaum 2011) All in the modern era: nothing about the Ancient World that Glorantha emulates.

True, but... chariot racing in Esrolia would have been fun. It leaves the only culture apparently doing such races as the Lunar Empire (if that hasn't been retconned as well).

But the Guide to Glorantha doesn't say that. No mention of Yelm in Mirin's Cross. I'll take the Guide as Canonical and anything that contradicts it as not. If it were a Temple to Yelm and Redaylda the Guide section of Mirin's Cross would have said so.

If you examine http://www.glorantha.com/docs/history-of-dragon-pass-in-the-second-age/ specifically: c. 700. Saird ruled by “EWF”. (TFS) So shows the map. BUT it is really a battle ground between the city of Domanand and the Kingdom of Orlanthland. While the Kingdom was still not called the EWF by/about this time, Obduran the Flyer or his faction is relatively strong. Dragons are active in the war. You will find that Saird was an enemy of Orlantlanth in all its manifestations until it was conquered. As Domanand was the center of the Sun Dome and the center of resistance, it is apparent the Templars fought against the Orlanthi to the south. The Guide to Glorantha: Redaylda’s husband is another horse god, called Hyalor, or less commonly Beren. Although Yelmalio has been the divine defender of Mirin’s Cross since the Second Age, its tribal guardians are Redaylda and her husband Hyalor. The latter being in the Mirin's Cross entry.

It doesn't make any sense...

Personally, I'd assume that domes are definitely a Solar architecture, especially given the evolution of Sun Dome Temples from earlier Solar temples. Some major earthworks forming the Sky Rune would also be possible, as the intent was to hold off dragons, and dragons are big. I noticed - I suspect if you had a more detailed larger scale map you'd find large portions used as walls by later buildings, or their circular foundations defining later construction. Believe there are a number of places in Italy where the site of amphitheaters is still apparent by curved roads and buildings. Not far from where I live, the location of a Roman Mansio is still apparent -- or at least the earth platform it was built on - a marked sudden slope in a road. Many years ago, when a road nearby was being excavated, the archaeologists allowed visitors and pointed out the black layer nearby marking where Boudicca came through. They also found a horse burial, an octagonal temple (quite small) and the baths associated with the Mansio nearby. The Guide mentions Redaylda and her husband Hyalor being revered in Mirin's Cross, but makes no direct mention of Yelm. I'd expect a temple to Redaylda and Hyalor at Mirin's Cross.

Another chunk of my 'history'... During the ensuing period of troll and Heortling domination of southern Peloria, the other Sun Dome Temples were relit by the prophet Severinalus the Rekindler. Severinalus named the god Tharkantus, the Empty Saving Hearth, prepared for the darkness to come. He settled many temples, for many places prepared once again for the time that the fires all went out. Tharkartus was later recognized to be the same entity as the Elvish Sun god, Halamalao, and in many places the two races shared worship for centuries. It was perhaps during this period that the god of the Sun Dome Temples was also given the name Yelmalio, possibly the Theyalan pronunciation of the Elvish name or as a title. Whilst the cult had its origins in the Solar cultures to the north, its presence on the borderlands with the Storm cultures to the south resulted in an increasing intermingling of the two traditions. What began as a title gradually supplanted the northern name. In 562 a Sun Dome Temple was founded in Holay. Trolls resisted the construction but met with disaster when a trollkin lieutenant betrayed the attack because the White Women among the Sun Domers had treated him kindly. Circa 640 another was established at Domanand (modern Mirin’s Cross) in Saird at the edge of Orlanthland, built as a stronghold against the dragons and their followers. It boasted unique enclosed domes with anti-dragon runes upon their surface, and despite its Solar nature provided a center of resistance for the Orlanthi Traditionalists against the Draconic Orlanthi to the south for a long time. The city of Lolon was also rebuilt. Initially, the cult of Yelmalio fiercely resisted the rise of the Kingdom of Orlanthland from their city of Domanand and spearheaded armies invading the upland regions. Saird became a battleground between Domanand and Orlanthland, which was transforming into the Empire of the Wyrms Friends. But by 750 the EWF conquered Saird; the gold domes of Domanand were shattered - their ruins are still apparent in the modern city. The Lament of Domeland, composed by several poets who survived the catastrophe, recalls the fall of the city. The EWF revealed the Draconic Sun to the survivors. The Sun Dome Temples subsequently became a major military arm of the empire with their soldier-cultists used as mercenaries. Many new temples to Yelmalio were established on the frontiers of the EWF in Fronela, Ralios, and near Pent and in its core lands in Dragon Pass. Another was built at Hesterneo in Esrolia, later destroyed by Queen Orenda. Dara Happa was occupied by the EWF in 850 after its Emperor was killed by elite members of the Golden Dragon Society. In 877 the first Arrowsmith king of the city of Pavis in Prax requested aid from the Sun Dome Temple in Dragon Pass against the trolls and giants. The mercenaries were granted lands to the south of the city. A new Sun Dome Temple was built on the edge of the Wastelands.

Nice. I'd suggest that you need at least two Second Age maps of Domanand: before and after the EWF conquest. Before: many 'Sun Domes' probably arranged in a circle. After: one Sun Dome temple, and the ruins of many other domes - their ruins are still apparent in the modern city. And perhaps also After: fall of EWF. Elsewhere, Domanand Resistance c. 640. Domanand is established (modern City of Mirin’s Cross) in Saird, and soon dominates the surrounding area. This is at the edge of the EWF core, and was built as a stronghold against dragons and their followers. Its unique enclosed domes with antidragon temples upon their surface were unique, and provided a center of resistance for the Traditionalists for a long time. At last the domes were broken of course, and though their ruins are apparent in the modern city, they are not intact. http://www.glorantha.com/docs/history-of-dragon-pass-in-the-second-age/ The Guide says of Mirin's Cross in the Third Age: The city boasts Dara Happan towers (greatest being the Golden Temple of the Brilliant Pillar), Sun Dome temples, the great Lunar Temple of the Provincial Church, and a Temple of the Reaching Moon. I'd also expect there to be temples to Redaylda and her husband Hyalor in the Second and Third Age, and perhaps to Yelorna in the Second Age, pre-EWF conquest.